Portland material called mean. One compound with the ground powder which when mixed with water according Ratios that fit and leave it for a while it hardens. By humans in ancient times, when I discovered that some rocks to make fire and shattered to pieces And ground thoroughly, then mix them in water for a wicked time. Will yield a solid mass. To shape the Portland Today Portland is made from a material that has elements Al or silica clay or laterite, including humus, which is iron mixed together.
10.1 Type of Portland
Portland is divided into various types as follows.
10.1.1 Portland Portland cement (Portland Portland).
This type of object was first to the city of Portland. In the UK. Land consists of Cement, limestone (Limestone) and clay (clay) In addition, it is mostly iron oxide (Fe2O3), and colonies do not post (MgCo3) is small. Portland Portland common in our house that is commonly used (brand Tiger Elephant Brand cobra) typically gray greenish (greenish gray), and it weighs about 92 lb / ft 3 when the raw material of Portland, which are compounds of oxides of elements. calcium, silicon, aluminum and steel, these substances react chemically together, and gathered in compounds in the clinker. In the form of extremely fine crystal.
Compounds of portland Portland.
The name of the compound. Chemical composition, initial
Tri-calcium silicate 3 CaO. SiO2 C3S.
Dicalcium silicate, 2 CaO. SiO2 C2S.
Tri-calcium aluminate Net 3 CaO. Al2O3 C3A.
State brand calcium aluminate amino Ferenc Wright 4 CaO. Al2O3. Fe2O3 C4AF.
C3S Portland to strength quickly within 14 days.
C2S Cement the strength slowly. Heat more often.
C3A Cement reaction cause the heat starts coagulation. The strength soon.
C4AF has slightly less strength added to reduce warming occurring.
Number of compounds in the Cement properties, such as change of Cement Cement strength to fast or slow Period of the formation and solidification may speed up or slow down. Heat from the reaction between water and Portland may be higher or lower etc.
Types of Portland Portland cement. The American Society for Materials Testing (ATM.C.150).
(Type IV) and the Thailand Industrial Standards Institute (Am.o.u. 15) Portland Cement divided into five main types of types.
1. Ordinary portland Portland (Normal Portland Portland cement) for regular job that does not need special features such as Portland Portland Elephant. Branded green serpent. And branded diamond single
2. Portland Portland cement modified (Modified Portland Cement) for use in making Concreteness temperature due to climate, high temperature Concretely edge Or industrial products, heat-resistant and sulfate medium such as a Concretely dam wall thickness or Concreteness pipes are large Portland cement pillar seal seven-headed serpent.
3. Portland Portland, high early strength. (High-Early-Strength-Portland Portland cement) or Portland Cement. Portland cement is high in the first phase is a powder texture than ordinary portland Cement Concreteness to be useful to have to run faster. Or demolished as a quick pile of Concrete road surface and beams to remove the quick lime, etc. This type of Portland, including big brand Erawan Valley. Brand Naga red And three-diamond brand.
4. Portland type Portland cement, low heat (Low-Heat Portland Portland) can reduce the amount of heat due to a combination of Cement with water, which can Reduce the growth and shrinkage of Concreteness after coagulation. Most used in the construction of a dam. Because the temperature of the Concretely under different types of work not suitable for structures over Due to slow coagulation.
5. Portland Portland. High sulfate resistant. (Sulfate-Resistant Portland Portland cement) in areas where water or soil with high pH value range of slow coagulation. And actions of the Valley Tong severe effects such as Cement brand shark
There are also other types of Cement such as purtland pozzolana Portland cement is ideal for Concretely buildings in the sea. Silica, a mix of Cement. (Ordinary portland Portland cement and sand from 25 to 30%), including Tiger brand Portland brand Cobra and Eagle Brand. Low-cost hardened me. Do not rely on contractors or contract with a road surface brick pillar cast Concretely pipes pour container. Tile roof and quarters etc.
10.1.2 Portland nature (natural Portland cement).
This type of Portland cement made of stone mined in the soil, which is similar to Portland Portland cement mixture is then. By removing the burnt rock. But the fire did not burn a high-heat Portland Cement. When burned, then I grind to dust. This type of Cement, water quality in the same strength. But there are a lot lower than Portland Portland cement and contains uncertainties. It depends on the properties of the natural stone.
10.1.3 enough Portland cement left solar Na (pozzolana Portland cement).
Enough Portland cement left, sometimes called solar Na. Lactic Cement (slag Portland) made with lime and remove waste (slag) from kilns or enough steel left the solar Na, and their natural volcanic rock mixed together. And ground thoroughly. Roman Cement was used in ancient times as a Cement This is not hard as Portland cement type Portland Portland cement. When mixing mortar or Concretely to create a good sticky. And harder to break or cause Cement Concrete with Portland Portland. Works well in salt water in and suitable for use in water or in damp, such as foundations and underground water pipes throughout the beyond.
10.1.4 Portland cement Al Nas (aluminous Cement).
Alumina Portland cement Nas first made in France by removing the said site (bauxite), a mineral that contains aluminum and very expensive, mixed with lime and then burn. Thereafter, the ground thoroughly, as well as to Portland Portland. This type of Portland that is fast Mixed with portland Portland Concreteness when casting this type and has 24 hours and are equal Tsu cast Concretely Portland Portland Concrete piles 3 months, which may be cast with this type of Portland used to strike. When the cast was only 24 hours only.
This type of Portland cement, when used in a very cold climate, it is by Not prevent a cold, low post portland Cement. When taken this type of Portland mixed with water will cause more heat, which is protected. Not with cold hard Concreteness first. Concreteness is mixed with Cement, then when frozen (between 4 to 6 hours) must be watered or covered to keep moist until 24 hours to compensate for water evaporation caused by heat, while the Concreteness hardens.
10.1.5 silica Portland (sillica Portland cement).
Silica Portland cement is Portland Portland cement mixed with sand, which led to lower prices by grinding Portland Cement Posted May Tablets, 70 percent mixed and 30 percent sand, gypsum, mixed with a little down. Britain and other European countries, most Portland is this type are widely used. Domestic fuels rarely used type of Cement is usually very It uses less fuel in the production of Portland Portland cement. Most of the standard silica Portland cement. The lowest part of the Portland Portland cement mix to 50 percent Portland, silica Portland cement seal tiger in Thailand is Thai Portland company. Portland cement Brand cobra Cement Company Limited Irrigation. Eagle Brand Portland cement and Siam City Portland Public Company Limited.
10.2 Manufacture of Cement
Portland production with both burning dry (semi - dryprocess) and burn wet (wet process), which processes and overall production will like, but differs in step 2 as shown in the following, which. production processes are as follows.
To burn the dry Portland cement production process step is to take raw materials and elemental alumina silica elements, which are much in humus With iron, which is a lot of laterite Mixed in proportion. Ground information and the attack on the water as water, soil, and then be burnt in the kiln (Portland cement kiln) until the chemical reaction binding the granule that is called clinker (clinker), when the Cement to the ground. It is combined with gypsum Portland as needed.
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